The USS Makassar Strait (CVE 91) was a Casablanca-class escort carrier built during World War II. Construction began on January 29, 1944, at the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company in Vancouver, Washington, a shipyard known for producing vessels during the war. The ship was officially launched on April 22, 1944, and entered service on May 27, 1944, under the leadership of Captain William T. Rassieur.
The development of the USS Makassar Strait was part of an initiative to strengthen the United States Navy's presence in the Pacific Theater, where escort carriers played a vital role in supporting operations and protecting convoys. This vessel was named in honor of the Battle of Makassar Strait, a confrontation that occurred on February 4, 1942, in the early days of the Pacific War. During this battle, Allied forces from America, the Netherlands, Britain, and Australia engaged with ships attempting an invasion. While neither side achieved a decisive victory, the encounter showcased the determination and collaboration among the navies against Japanese expansionism. Naming the ship after this historic battle served as a tribute to the courage and sacrifice of those who fought bravely at the start of conflicts in the Pacific region.
The USS Makassar Strait stood out for its size and adaptability as a Casablanca-class escort carrier. Measuring 512 feet long and 65 feet wide, the vessel was designed to handle tasks ranging from submarine operations to providing air protection for convoys and supporting amphibious assaults. Its flight deck could host up to 27 aircraft, including a mix of Grumman FM-2 Wildcats and General Motors TBM Avengers. For defense, the ship was armed with an array of aircraft guns, including 20mm Oerlikon cannons and 40mm Bofors guns.
The legacy of the USS Makassar Strait in the US Navy is defined by its contributions to World War II operations. It supported Marines during the Battle of Iwo Jima by providing air assistance during initial landings and subsequent combat engagements. The vessel also participated in the Battle of Okinawa, an intense conflict in the Pacific War. Its aircraft carried out missions such as submarine patrols, close air support operations, and strikes on Japanese positions, demonstrating how escort carriers like this one proved their versatility and effectiveness in modern naval warfare.
As a member of the Casablanca class, the USS Makassar Strait was part of one of the largest classes of aircraft carriers ever constructed, with a total of 50 ships completed between 1943 and 1944. These escort carriers were designed for mass production, serving as platforms for projecting air power across the vast Pacific Ocean. The main roles of the Casablanca-class carriers included providing convoy protection, aiding in operations, and engaging in submarine warfare, addressing crucial needs within the Navy during wartime.
The USS Makassar Strait officially joined the US Navy on May 27, 1944, under Captain William T. Rassieur's leadership. Swiftly integrating into the Pacific Fleet, both the ship and its crew played significant roles in various operations. The operational legacy of this vessel highlights the impact escort carriers had during World War II by offering air support and security to fleet units and amphibious forces. Through its service history, the USS Makassar Strait exemplifies how Casablanca-class carriers contributed to securing air dominance and aiding ground operations in battles that shaped the outcome of the war.
USS Makassar Strait CVE-91: A Technological Marvel of Naval Warfare
The USS Makassar Strait (CVE 91) belonged to the Casablanca-class escort carriers, known for their compact design. Measuring 512 feet 3 inches in length and 65 feet 2 inches in beam, this ship was smaller than fleet carriers but was crafted to be highly functional. Its flight deck spanned the length of the ship and featured a single hydraulic catapult, along with two elevators for swift aircraft deployment and retrieval. Below deck, the hangar provided space for storing and maintaining aircraft to support air operations. The hull was made of welded steel, striking a balance between durability and weight to maintain speed and maneuverability.
In terms of technology, the USS Makassar Strait boasted cutting-edge radar and communication systems for its era. It was equipped with the SK air search radar, capable of detecting aircraft within a range of up to 100 miles, enabling effective coordination of defensive actions. The ship was also fitted with the SG surface search radar, vital for navigation and detecting surface threats. The USS Makassar Strait utilized communication systems like high-frequency radio transmitters and receivers to stay in touch with ships and command centers, ensuring coordinated operations within the fleet during World War II. These technological upgrades significantly enhanced the ship's capabilities.
When it came to weaponry, the USS Makassar Strait was well prepared to defend itself against air and surface threats. It featured a 5-inch/38 caliber dual-purpose gun at the stern for engaging both aircraft and surface targets. The ship also had eight 40mm Bofors aircraft guns in twin mounts and twelve 20mm Oerlikon cannons for anti-aircraft defense. These weapons were crucial for its convoy escort duties and air support missions during operations. With this arsenal, the USS Makassar Strait could effectively safeguard itself and its accompanying vessels from danger.
In addition to its weaponry, the ship had an air wing comprising 28 aircraft, such as Grumman FM-2 Wildcats and General Motors TBM Avengers. The Wildcats primarily functioned as fighter aircraft for air cover, engaging enemy fighters, while the Avengers were utilized for torpedo bombing missions and anti-submarine warfare. The USS Makassar Strait’s aircraft had the flexibility to carry out tasks including air defense, ground attacks, reconnaissance, and anti-submarine patrols. By combining these aircraft with the ship's radar and communication systems, the USS Makassar Strait was able to conduct coordinated and efficient operations, proving to be a valuable asset in the US Navy's endeavors during World War II.
USS Makassar Strait CVE-91 Crew Member Reports of Time Aboard
The USS Makassar Strait (CVE-91) holds a rich tapestry of memories from its crew members, each contributing unique experiences and personal stories that paint a vivid picture of life aboard the escort carrier during World War II. These recollections span from the mundane to the heroic, reflecting the diverse roles and backgrounds of the sailors who served on this vessel.
Al Danovsky, who served as a Fireman 3rd Class in 1944, humorously recalls his time spent lubricating fan blowers and then napping in the enclosed room. Despite his self-proclaimed tendency to sleep through much of the war, his duties were essential to the ship's operations. Danovsky has since lived in South Florida for over five decades.
William Drake's family cherishes a photo of the crew and ship, a memento of his father's service in 1945. Although specific details of his father's role in ship stores/supply are unclear, the photograph serves as a lasting tribute to his contributions.
Joe Eckert's grandson honors his grandfather, a Chief Petty Officer who served from 1944 to 1946. Residing in the Philadelphia area post-war until his death in 1995, Eckert's exact duties remain a mystery, but his service is remembered fondly.
Ed Farrell, who served as an SKD3/C in 1946, went on to have a distinguished career in education, holding positions at the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Texas. His post-war achievements highlight the diverse paths taken by veterans.
Donald Fellows, a Lieutenant Junior Grade in 1942, received a Bronze Star for his exceptional ability to spot a camouflaged enemy plane due to his color blindness. This act of vigilance underscores the critical role of individual skills in wartime scenarios.
Paul Fuller, a Plane Captain in 1944, is remembered by his family as an aircraft mechanic who worked on TBM Avenger torpedo bombers. His niece continues to seek more information about his service, preserving his legacy through photographs and stories.
Dr. Howard Groskloss, a Flight Surgeon in 1943, is commemorated posthumously by John Worth. Groskloss lived to the age of 100, and his name is added to the roster to honor his medical contributions aboard the ship.
Harold Hylbert, a gunner in 1942, now shares his wartime memories with his family. Despite being disabled at 86, he remains a happy sailor, having spent 70 years in Ohio before retiring to Southwest Florida.
Wayne Kirby, an Aviation Metalsmith Third Class from 1944 to 1946, is remembered by his family in Port Barre, Louisiana. His passing in 2015 left a void, but his legacy lives on through his loved ones.
Captain John O. Lambrecht commanded the USS Makassar Strait from 1945 to 1946, with his tenure likely including the Battle of Okinawa. An official photo from August 9, 1945, captures him with the crew, a testament to his leadership.
Walter Marley, a Boatswain's Mate Second Class in 1944, is remembered by his family, who seek a crew picture to honor his service. His recent passing has prompted a search for more tangible connections to his time aboard the ship.
Ray Mears, a Seaman First Class in 1945, served as a ship's cook butcher on a trip to Pearl Harbor and the Marshall Islands. He re-enlisted on board in December 1945 and was later transferred off at Todd's Shipyards in Tacoma, Washington.
Francis Miller, who served in 1943, did not share much about his wartime experiences. His family remembers him fondly, especially after his battle with Parkinson's disease and his passing in 2008.
Leonard Plotzker, a Radioman First Class in 1944, enjoyed attending reunions for many years. His friendship with Al Berman, a radar man, led to a family connection when Plotzker married Berman's sister.
Mel Rice, a Seaman First Class in 1944, is honored by his family, who also remember his uncle Laverne Peterson, another crew member. While Mel is still alive, his uncle 'Bud' has passed away.
John Swanker, a Fireman First Class in 1943, shared stories of kamikaze attacks and a typhoon between Ulithi and Iwo Jima. His service from Ulithi to Iwo Jima and Okinawa is remembered by his family following his death in 2001.
Robert A. Tabers, a Third Class Petty Officer (Carpenter's Mate) in 1944, spoke highly of the ship and his fellow crew members. His widow cherishes the photos of the men he served with, even if their names are unknown.
Orville Whinery, an AM3C in 1944, served as a plane captain during the battles of Okinawa and Iwo Jima. His role in preparing aircraft for missions was crucial to the ship's operations.
Jim Zenner, a Petty Officer 3rd Class in 1945, worked in the radio room towards the end of the war. As he approaches his 90th birthday, his family ensures his name is listed alongside his fellow servicemen.
These memories collectively highlight the varied experiences of the USS Makassar Strait's crew, from the everyday tasks to moments of heroism, and the lasting bonds formed during their service.
USS Makassar Strait CVE-91: Evolution of a Naval Powerhouse
In "Upgrades, Mission Capabilities, and Contribution to the Fleet," the USS Makassar Strait (CVE 91) underwent enhancements throughout its service life to improve its abilities and usefulness. Originally commissioned in 1944 as part of the Casablanca-class escort carriers, known for their construction and deployment during World War II, the ship received upgrades such as radar systems and anti-aircraft weapons to effectively provide air cover and support amphibious operations. These enhancements ensured that the USS Makassar Strait could efficiently detect and engage enemy aircraft, safeguarding both itself and the larger fleet.
Regarding its mission capabilities, the USS Makassar Strait proved to be versatile and adaptable, carrying out various roles throughout its service. During World War II, it primarily functioned as an escort carrier, offering air support for ground troops and engaging in anti-submarine warfare (ASW) operations. Equipped with a mix of fighters, bombers, and torpedo planes, it could execute strikes against enemy targets and shipping routes. After the war, the carrier was repurposed for training exercises and served as a testing ground for aviation technologies, demonstrating its value as an asset for the Navy.
The USS Makassar Strait made significant contributions during crucial operations in the Pacific Theater. It played a role in the Battle of Okinawa, where its planes provided essential air cover and support for ground troops. This assistance was vital in neutralizing enemy defenses and thwarting kamikaze attacks, thus protecting soldiers and sailors. The carrier’s anti-submarine warfare capabilities also helped secure sea routes, ensuring safe passage for troops and supplies. These efforts earned the ship battle stars, showcasing its effectiveness and valor in combat.
Beyond its combat duties, the USS Makassar Strait continued to serve the Navy during the early years of the Cold War. It participated in training exercises and naval drills that enhanced the skills and preparedness of aviators and crew members. The vessel also acted as a platform for testing aviation technologies, contributing to advancements in carrier-based aircraft and operational strategies. After being retired in 1946 and removed from the Naval Vessel Register in 1959, the USS Makassar Strait's influence lives on, highlighting its role in naval activities and ongoing support for the United States Navy.
USS Makassar Strait CVE-91: A Legacy of Valor and Victory on the High Seas
The USS Makassar Strait (CVE 91) played a significant role in operations during World War II, highlighting the importance and versatility of escort carriers. Commissioned in 1944, it quickly became deeply involved in the Pacific Theater. One notable mission was its support of the Battle of Iwo Jima in February 1945, where the ship's aircraft provided air support to Marines as they stormed the beaches, conducting bombing raids and attacking enemy positions. This demonstrated the ship's capability to sustain effective air power to aid assaults, a role that became increasingly critical as the war unfolded.
Following its success at Iwo Jima, the USS Makassar Strait assisted in the invasion of Okinawa in April 1945, one of the major amphibious operations of the Pacific War. The ship's planes flew missions to offer air support for ground forces and engage Japanese aircraft in aerial combat. The crew faced challenging kamikaze attacks during this time, and their resilience, along with effective anti-aircraft defenses, helped safeguard both the ship and its personnel. The carrier's vital role in securing air superiority and supporting the capture of Okinawa was crucial for the planned invasion of Japan.
Beyond its combat missions, the USS Makassar Strait participated in other wartime activities. Following Japan's surrender in August 1945, the ship took part in Operation Magic Carpet, a large-scale effort to return servicemen home from the Pacific region. Transporting thousands of troops to the United States, the carrier facilitated the demobilization process. This humanitarian effort showcased both the ship's versatility and the Navy's commitment to ensuring safe returns for its personnel after years of conflict.
Throughout its service, the USS Makassar Strait received accolades recognizing the courage and dedication of its crew. The ship was honored with battle stars for its involvement in operations like Iwo Jima and Okinawa. The crew's exceptional performance under enemy fire and their unwavering commitment to their duties led to the receipt of the Navy Unit Commendation. These recognitions stand as a tribute to the ship's contributions to securing victory for the Allies in the Pacific Theater and honor those who served aboard.
USS Makassar Strait CVE-91 Ship Specifications
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Class | Casablanca Class Escort Aircraft Carrier |
| Commissioned | April 27, 1944 |
| Displacement | 10,902 tons |
| Length | 512 feet |
| Beam | 108.1 feet |
| Draft | 22.6 feet |
| Speed | 20 knots |
| Complement | 860 |